[Current possibilities of the differential diagnosis of plaque parapsoriasis and the early stages of mycosis fungoides]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti differentsial'noi diagnostiki bliashechnogo parapsoriaza i rannikh stadii gribovidnogo mikoza.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common primary cutaneous epidermotropic T-cell lymphoma (80%). The accurate diagnosis of MF confirmed only by clinical, histological and immunohistochemical signs amounts to 50-75%. OBJECTIVE: To investigate genetic markers (FOXP3, STAT4, IL-12B) for the early diagnosis of MF, to estimate the informative value of used diagnostic techniques (histology, immunophenotyping), and to determine clonality by the T-cell receptor γ-chain genes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with MF and plaque parapsoriasis (PP) who had been treated at the V.A. Rakhmanov Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases and at the National Medical Research Center for Hematology were followed up. A MF group consisted of 27 patients; a PP group included 23 patients, and a control group comprised 10 healthy individuals. The expression of the FOXP3, STAT4, and IL-12B genes was analyzed by TaqMan real time-PCR. The objectives of the study were affected skin portions from patients with MF or PP and healthy individuals. RESULTS: The investigation revealed a increase in the expression level of STAT4 mRNA transcripts by 9 times in patients with MF compared with those with PP and by 553 times in healthy individuals. There was also a statistically significant predominance of the expression level of STAT4 mRNA transcripts in patients with spotted and plaque stages of MF (180; 318) compared with those with PP and healthy individuals, as well as a sharp decrease in those with erythrodermic MF, which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: MF cannot be diagnosed without comprehensively assessing the clinical, anamnestic, histological, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic data. The expression level of STAT4 mRNA transcripts is of great importance for the early diagnosis of MF. Inclusion of the level of STAT4 expression in the list of diagnostic signs increases the accuracy of differential diagnosis of MF and PP from 59.1 to 81.8%, respectively.

[The functions of the kidneys and the basic mechanisms of their regulation in premature infants]. / Funktsii pochek i osnovnye mekhanizmy ikh reguliatsii u nedonoshennykh detei.

Kidney function and some mechanisms of its regulation were studied in 161 premature babies. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was found to play a certain role in controlling the water-electrolyte balance in premature infants. The incidence of pronounced and latent renal failure in infants with posthypoxia lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) of varying degrees was demonstrated. The informative value of calculation parameters of partial kidney functions as the early diagnostic criteria in pronounced and latent renal failure is confirmed. A role that the revealed posthypoxia hypermyoglobinemia might possibly play in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure in premature infants is discussed.